Oxide minerals · Reference guide

Hematite

Steel-grey shine and earthy red material can belong to the same iron oxide mineral.

General mineral information, separate from our 17 photographed collection specimens.

Composition
Fe₂O₃
Mohs hardness
5–6
Read the clues
Appearance can vary

Identification clues

Hematite can look metallic and steel-grey, or dull and red. Its forms include plates, rounded masses and earthy material. That range makes surface colour alone an unreliable shortcut.

Mineral facts and formation

Hematite is an iron oxide. Mineral references record a cherry-red to reddish-brown streak, even for many dark-looking specimens. A streak is the colour of powdered material, not simply the colour of a polished surface.

Lookalikes and useful comparisons

Compare a metallic-looking surface with the glassy appearance of Obsidian or the polish on Black Onyx. These observations help organise possibilities, but a shiny black finish cannot settle the identity.

Care for a display specimen

Handle over a soft surface and protect edges from impact. Start with a soft dry cloth. Avoid making dust or scratching a finished piece just to reproduce a reference test.

Look a little closer

Try this observation.

Write separate notes for colour and lustre: for example, “grey” describes colour while “metallic” describes the way light reflects. Keeping those observations separate is useful for every mineral.

Should I do a streak test on my polished stone?

Not for this observation exercise. It can leave damage or powder. Read the published property and compare non-destructive clues first.

Sources and further reading

Reference information checked 29 September 2026. These sources describe minerals generally; they do not identify a particular stone.

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